Security & Performance Code Review

Client: FinanceFlow API (Sample)  |  Date: February 23, 2026  |  Reviewer: Vectis Senior Engineer  |  Tech Stack: Node.js, PostgreSQL, Redis, React

Executive Summary

18 Security Issues Found
3 Critical Vulnerabilities
47% Performance Improvement Potential
8,247 Lines of Code Reviewed

This comprehensive security and performance audit analyzed 8,247 lines of production code across authentication, payment processing, and API layers. We identified 3 critical security vulnerabilities requiring immediate attention, 7 high-priority performance bottlenecks, and 23 code quality issues. Implementing our prioritized recommendations will eliminate security risks, reduce API response times by 47%, and improve maintainability scores by 35%.

🔴 Critical Security Vulnerabilities

SQL Injection in Transaction Query Builder
CRITICAL

Location: src/api/transactions.js:247-259

Impact: Attackers can execute arbitrary SQL queries, potentially exposing all customer financial data, modifying transactions, or dropping tables. OWASP Top 10 #1.

Description: User-supplied sortBy parameter is concatenated directly into SQL query without sanitization or parameterization.

// ❌ VULNERABLE CODE (src/api/transactions.js:247)
const sortBy = req.query.sortBy || 'created_at';
const sql = `SELECT * FROM transactions WHERE user_id = ${userId} ORDER BY ${sortBy} DESC`;
const results = await db.query(sql);
// ✅ SECURE FIX
const allowedSortFields = ['created_at', 'amount', 'status'];
const sortBy = allowedSortFields.includes(req.query.sortBy) ? req.query.sortBy : 'created_at';
const sql = 'SELECT * FROM transactions WHERE user_id = $1 ORDER BY ' + sortBy + ' DESC';
const results = await db.query(sql, [userId]);
Fix Priority: IMMEDIATE (patch within 24 hours)
Implementation: (1) Whitelist allowed sort columns, (2) Use parameterized queries for user_id, (3) Add automated security tests
Testing: Validate with payload: ?sortBy=created_at; DROP TABLE transactions--
JWT Secret Hardcoded in Source Code
CRITICAL

Location: src/auth/jwt.js:12

Impact: JWT secret is committed to Git repository (public on GitHub since Oct 2024). Anyone can forge authentication tokens and impersonate any user, including admin accounts.

// ❌ VULNERABLE CODE (src/auth/jwt.js:12)
const JWT_SECRET = 'super-secret-key-do-not-share-2024';
const token = jwt.sign({ userId, role }, JWT_SECRET, { expiresIn: '7d' });
// ✅ SECURE FIX
// Use environment variable with strong randomly-generated secret
const JWT_SECRET = process.env.JWT_SECRET;
if (!JWT_SECRET) throw new Error('JWT_SECRET environment variable not set');
const token = jwt.sign({ userId, role }, JWT_SECRET, { expiresIn: '1h' }); // Shorter expiry
Fix Priority: IMMEDIATE (within 4 hours)
Implementation: (1) Generate new 256-bit secret: openssl rand -base64 32, (2) Rotate immediately in production, (3) Force all users to re-login, (4) Remove secret from Git history using BFG Repo Cleaner
Post-fix: Implement secret scanning in CI/CD (e.g., GitGuardian, TruffleHog)
Missing Rate Limiting on Payment Endpoint
CRITICAL

Location: src/api/payments.js:89 (POST /api/payments/process)

Impact: No rate limiting on payment processing endpoint. Attackers can automate thousands of payment attempts to (1) brute-force card numbers, (2) drain account balances via race conditions, (3) cause financial losses through processing fees.

Evidence: Load testing showed 847 payment requests/second from single IP accepted without throttling.

Fix Priority: IMMEDIATE (within 24 hours)
Implementation: Add multi-layer rate limiting:
• IP-based: 5 requests/minute (using express-rate-limit + Redis)
• User-based: 3 payment attempts/hour per account
• Card-based: 2 failed attempts before temporary block
• Global: Max 100 concurrent payment processing operations
Code sample: Provided in Appendix B

🟠 High-Priority Security Issues

Issue Severity Location Impact
Weak password hashing (MD5) High src/auth/users.js:134 Passwords crackable in <1 hour with GPU
Session tokens never expire High src/auth/sessions.js:67 Stolen tokens valid indefinitely
CORS allows all origins (*) High src/server.js:23 Enables cross-site attacks
No input length validation High Multiple endpoints DOS via memory exhaustion
API keys logged in plain text High src/middleware/logger.js:45 Credentials exposed in log files

⚡ Performance Analysis

Benchmark Results

1,247ms Average API Response Time

Current (p95: 3,420ms) | Target: <200ms (p95: <500ms)

142 req/s Max Throughput

Current capacity | Target: 850+ req/s (6x improvement)

23 N+1 Query Problems

Causing 840+ unnecessary database calls per request

68% Cache Miss Rate

Redis cache underutilized (industry standard: <15%)

Critical Performance Bottlenecks

1. N+1 Query in User Dashboard (247ms → 18ms)

Location: src/api/dashboard.js:78
Impact: Dashboard loads taking 2.8 seconds for users with 100+ transactions

// ❌ SLOW CODE (87 queries for 50 transactions)
const transactions = await db.query('SELECT * FROM transactions WHERE user_id = $1', [userId]);
for (let txn of transactions) {
  txn.category = await db.query('SELECT name FROM categories WHERE id = $1', [txn.category_id]);
  txn.merchant = await db.query('SELECT name FROM merchants WHERE id = $1', [txn.merchant_id]);
}
// ✅ OPTIMIZED CODE (2 queries total using JOINs)
const sql = `
  SELECT t.*, c.name as category_name, m.name as merchant_name
  FROM transactions t
  LEFT JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
  LEFT JOIN merchants m ON t.merchant_id = m.id
  WHERE t.user_id = $1
`;
const transactions = await db.query(sql, [userId]);

Performance gain: 93% reduction in latency (247ms → 18ms)

2. Missing Database Indexes (340ms → 8ms)

Impact: Transaction search queries scanning 2.4M rows. Adding composite indexes reduces query time by 97%.

-- Missing indexes causing full table scans
CREATE INDEX idx_transactions_user_date ON transactions(user_id, created_at DESC);
CREATE INDEX idx_transactions_status ON transactions(status) WHERE status != 'completed';
CREATE INDEX idx_payments_card_hash ON payments(card_hash, created_at); -- For fraud detection

Performance gain: Search queries 42x faster

3. Inefficient Redis Usage (Cache Hit Rate: 32%)

Problem: Cache keys not standardized, TTLs too short, no cache warming for hot data

Recommendation: Implement tiered caching strategy (detailed in Section 5.2)

📊 Code Quality Metrics

Metric Current Target Status
Test Coverage 43% 80%+ Needs Improvement
Cyclomatic Complexity (avg) 18.4 <10 Below Target
Code Duplication 12.7% <5% Below Target
Documentation Coverage 28% 70%+ Needs Improvement
TypeScript Usage 0% (Pure JS) 100% Not Started
Linter Warnings 284 warnings 0 Below Target

🏗️ Architecture Recommendations

1. Implement API Gateway Pattern

Current architecture has authentication, rate limiting, and logging duplicated across 14 endpoints. Centralizing these concerns in an API gateway (using Kong or AWS API Gateway) will:

Estimated implementation time: 2-3 weeks

2. Add Database Connection Pooling

Current implementation creates new database connection for each request. Under load (200+ concurrent requests), this causes connection exhaustion and 30-second timeouts.

// Implement pg-pool with optimal settings
const pool = new Pool({
  max: 20, // Max connections
  idleTimeoutMillis: 30000,
  connectionTimeoutMillis: 2000,
});

// Reuse connections across requests
const client = await pool.connect();
try {
  const result = await client.query(sql, params);
} finally {
  client.release();
}

Impact: Eliminates connection timeout errors, improves throughput by 3.2x

3. Migrate to TypeScript

Pure JavaScript codebase has led to 47 runtime type errors in production (last 30 days). TypeScript migration would catch these at compile time and improve developer productivity.

Recommended approach: Incremental migration (new code in TypeScript, gradual conversion of existing modules)

Priority modules: Authentication, payment processing, API models (highest error rates)

✅ Prioritized Fix List

  1. Fix SQL Injection Vulnerability
    Timeline: 1 day | Risk: CRITICAL | Effort: Low
  2. Rotate JWT Secret & Force Re-login
    Timeline: 4 hours | Risk: CRITICAL | Effort: Low
  3. Implement Rate Limiting on Payment Endpoint
    Timeline: 1 day | Risk: CRITICAL | Effort: Medium
  4. Upgrade Password Hashing (MD5 → bcrypt)
    Timeline: 2 days | Risk: HIGH | Effort: Medium
  5. Fix N+1 Queries (Dashboard + Search)
    Timeline: 3 days | Risk: MEDIUM | Effort: Medium | Impact: 93% latency reduction
  6. Add Missing Database Indexes
    Timeline: 1 day | Risk: LOW | Effort: Low | Impact: 42x query speedup
  7. Implement Connection Pooling
    Timeline: 2 days | Risk: MEDIUM | Effort: Low | Impact: 3.2x throughput
  8. Configure CORS Properly (Whitelist Origins)
    Timeline: 2 hours | Risk: HIGH | Effort: Low
  9. Implement Tiered Redis Caching Strategy
    Timeline: 1 week | Risk: LOW | Effort: Medium | Impact: 68% → 15% miss rate
  10. Add Automated Security Testing (CI/CD)
    Timeline: 3 days | Risk: MEDIUM | Effort: Medium | Impact: Prevent future vulnerabilities

📈 Expected Impact Summary

Category Current State After Fixes Improvement
Security Score 42/100 (F) 91/100 (A) +117%
API Response Time (p95) 3,420ms 480ms -86%
Max Throughput 142 req/s 850+ req/s +499%
Database Query Efficiency 840 queries/request 12 queries/request -99%
Cache Hit Rate 32% 85%+ +166%
Production Errors (30d) 284 errors <15 errors -95%

Implementation Guidance

Week 1: Security Critical Path

Week 2: Performance Quick Wins

Week 3-4: Architecture & Long-term

Appendix: Tools & Methodology

Security Analysis Tools:

Performance Testing Tools:

Test Environment: